The best way to install them is through the F-Droid store, which is a catalogue of FOSS software for Android. It’s installable by downloading the .apk file linked on the front page of the F-Droid projec’ts website. The mentioned apps from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology can then be found by searching for “SECUSO”, which is the name of the research project behind them all.
Alternatively, you can also get them through the Google Play Store under this link or again by searching for “SECUSO”.
In particular, I recommend getting the QR code reader, because many of the free-to-use scanners route everything you scan through their servers, so they’re obviously collecting your data.
Not to be too pedantic but those aren’t alternatives to Android; they’re simply custom Android ROMs as alternatives to stock ROMs.
GrapheneOS is available for the older pixels. If you can get a Pixel 7 or 8 series phone at a good deal then there’s no better Android than GrapheneOS. They take security seriously. I equate GrapheneOS to be the Qubes of the Android world